The ritual folklore is the works of oral folk creativity, which, unlike the folklore of the survival, was an organic part of traditional folk rites and were performed in rites. In the life of the people of the ritual, they occupied an important place: they were out of the century in the century, gradually accumulating the diverse experience of many generations.
The rituals had ritual naigic importance, contained rules for human behavior in everyday life and labor.
Russian rituals
Russian rites are genetically associated with the rites of other Slavic peoples and have typological similarity with the rites of many nations of the world. The Russian ritual folklore was published in the collections P.V. Kireevsky, E.V. Barsov, P.V.Shina, A.I. Sobolevsky.
Types of rituals
The rites are made to divide production and family. Already in ancient times, the Slavs-farmers celebrated in special holidays in winter and summer sun and associated changes in nature. Observations have developed into a system of mythological beliefs and practical skills, which was fixed by the annual (calendar) cycle of agricultural ritual holidays and accompanying them with a ritual folklore.
Complex symbiosis formed annual church folk agricultural holidays, which partly found a mapping in the ritual folklore. On the night before Merry Christmas and under the New Year, bypass songs, who had different titles were sang: carols (in south), oxi (in central regions), grapes (in the northern regions). Throughout the Christmas week, the Special Songs are given to Christ, his birth was depicted in the People's Puppet Theater - Vertepe.
For the shints (from Christmas to baptism), rapel fortune telling with songs were common, funny dramatic scenes were played. Songs, conspiracies, intensity, sentences were performed during other calendar rites. Family rites have developed a common basis with calendar and genetically connected with them, but in the center of family rites there was a specific real person.
Ritals and events of life
The rituals accompanied many events of his life, among which the most important - birth, marriage and death. Traces of ancient maternity hospitals have been preserved in lullaby songs. The main genre of funeral and remembered rites was due. Involition included in the recruit rite and in the wedding of the North Russian type, where they were especially developed. Wedding poetry differed in wealth and diversity. The wedding also performed sentences, played dramatic scenes.
In ancient times, the main function of the wedding folklore was utilitarian-magic: according to the ideas of the people, oral works contributed to happy fate, well-being; But gradually they began to play a different role - ceremonial and aesthetic. The genre composition of the ritual folklore is diverse: verbal and musical, dramatic, game, choreographic works. Especially important ritual songs - the oldest layer of the musical and poetic folklore. Songs were performed by the choir. Ritual songs reflected the rite himself, contributed to its formation and implementation.
Spex songs were a magical conversion to the forces of nature in order to obtain well-being in the farm and family. In the songs of magnificent poetically idealized, the participants of the ritual were glorified: real people (bridegroom, bride) or mythological images (strollers, carnival). The opposite are the magnificent brnil songs that ridiculed the participants of the ritual, often in grotesque form; Their content was humorous or satirical. Gaming and dance songs were performed during various youth games, they were described in them and accompanied by imitation field work, family scenes were played (for example: Svatov. Lyrical songs are the latest phenomenon in the rite. Their main purpose is to express thoughts, feelings and moods. Thanks to lyrical songs, a certain emotional flavor was created, traditional ethics were approved.
The ritual folklore includes Also conspiracies, spells, some cheils, beliefs, signs, proverbs, sayings, riddles, in 20 century. The ritual chastoshki appeared. The ritual complex could be spontaneously involved in the works of the out-of-contract folklore.
Folk rites and ritual folklore received a deep and multifaceted mapping in Russian literature (Evgeny Onegin, 1823-31, A.S. Pushkin, "Evenings on the farm near Dikanka", 1831-32, N.V. Gogol, "To Rus live well, "1863-77, N.A.Nekrasova," Snow Maiden ", 1873, A.N. Ostrovsky," War and Peace ", 1863-69, L.N. Tolstoy, Lyric S.A. Jeshenina and Dr.).
The ritual folklore (from the program grade 6) is the songs that the people connect with their life, the time of year and the main activity. Each song has a deep meaning, because it reflects the life of many people.
Questions and tasks
- What kind of folklore is called ritual? What do you know calendar and ritual songs? Why are they so called? Prepare the execution of one of them.
The ritual folklore is a reflection of the life of the people in the songs. They were performed during different rites.
There are different calendar and ritual songs:
- Carols - Songs accompanying Christmas celebrations. They contained the wishes of a rich harvest.
- Maslennic songs - They were hung when the carnival was celebrated. This holiday marked the arrival of spring.
- Spring songs - Spring was called in them. They associated such songs with the revival of the Earth in the Spring Championship.
- Summer songs - They sang in honor of the traditional summer holiday - Trinity. It is associated with flourishing nature. The trinity went with birch branches.
- Autumn songs- They chased the harvest period. They were included in the last cycle of calendar and ritual songs.
Calendar and ritual songs are so called, because they correspond to certain periods of the people of the people.
- Have you ever had to hear similar songs? Where and under what circumstances?
Carols, probably heard each - both in childhood and in adulthood (when quarmers came to the house). Remember them easy.
- What is carols? When and where did they perform? What is the difference from other ritual songs?
Carols are ritual songs performed in honor of the Christmas celebrations. They were fulfilled by children who went home and wanted to the owners of the house of abundance.
The main difference between the carol is the requirement of gifts at the end of the song.
- What songs was a birch symbol? When did they perform?
Birch is a symbol of summer ritual songs. They were performed on the Trinity - the traditional Russian holiday. Celebrating drove dances and gadal.
The ritual folklore is not only part of a beautiful culture, but also the essence of people's life.
- What calendar and ritual songs can be called the most fun? Why?
The most fun can be considered carnival songs. During this period, the people noted a holiday feast and different rites. One of them is to carry the streets of stuffed and burn it. During the carnival, various competitions are conducted - climb on the pillar, play "towns".
- Explain the meaning of words: "Life", "Tokolo", "Lapta", "Sickle", "Ham".
- Life - So called nonsense bread, grain. It is usually a barley grain.
- Oatmeal - This concept is denoted by flour cooked from purified and tumped oats.
- Lapte - It is a traditional Russian folk game. It uses the bat and the ball.
- Sickle- Tool for collecting cereals. They cut bread cereals. Sickle is a curved knife with jar.
- Has- In Russian ritual songs, this word is used in the meaning of "harvest", cut off the root cereals.
The ritual folklore carries the reflection of the lives of many generations of people.
Ritual folklore
Ritual folklore
Folk genres performed within various rites. The rite is a set of symbolic actions, the purpose of which to influence otherworldly forces to achieve the desired result (fertility, cure from the disease, the birth of a child, protection against dangers, etc.). The overwhelming majority of rites are accompanied by texts of different genres. For calendar rites, the use of calendar songs (carols, passenger, cotton, etc.) is characterized, during a wedding rite, along with songs, crying, or in order, partly reminiscent of funeral exemptions. The most common genre of ritual folklore is plots - magical texts, accompanying medical, meteorological, agricultural, etc. Rites and directly expressing the goal of the rite.
Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .
Watch what is a "ritual folklore" in other dictionaries:
Family-ritual folklore - Texts accompanying the commitment of this. rites (and, somewhat wider, rites of the life cycle). Acc. These are texts that accompany all the land. Events in huma. Life. On the one hand, on the basis of the ritual timing, they relate to the rite. ... ... Russian Humanitarian Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in a cultural aspect) in a "wide" sense (all folk traditional peasant spiritual and partly material culture) and "narrow" (oral peasant verbal art. Tradition). Folklore is a totality ... ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies
Folklore Music Urals - Multion. By the nature, which is due to the variety of nat. The composition of us. Region. Areas of the settlement of peoples on ter. W. is intertwined among themselves, it contributes to the occurrence of Split. Ethnic contacts, manifest in music. Folklore. Naib ... ... ...
folklore - A, only un., m. 1) Oral folk creativity. Gathers of folklore. Cossack folklore. Urban folklore. School folklore. The high level of development of folklore made it possible to perceive new aesthetic values \u200b\u200bwith which he was acquainted with ... ... Popular Dictionary of the Russian Language
The set of texts of Russian folk culture transmitted predominantly, having the status of disavortor, anonymous and not belonging to certain separate performers, although the names of some bright artist masters are known: ... ... Literary encyclopedia
Bashkir folklore - It is common not only in the head., But also in neighboring Saratov, Samara, Perm, Sverdl., Chelyab., Kurg., Orenb. region, in Tatarstan, where Bashkirs living compactly live, as well as to the rep. Sakha, Tyumen region and in a number of CIS countries. The most ancient ... ... Ural historical encyclopedia
RSFSR. I. General information of the RSFSR formed on October 25 (November 7) 1917. Borders on S. Z. with Norway and Finland, for C. with Poland, on Yu. V. with China, MNR and DPRK, as well as with the Union republics incoming In the USSR: on Z. with ... ...
VIII. Popular education and cultural educational institutions \u003d The history of public education in the territory of the RSFSR goes into deep antiquity. In Kiev Rus, elementary literacy was distributed among different layers of the population, about what ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Cincius, Vera Ivanovna - (1903 1981) ethnographer; Linguist, Specialist in Tunguso Manch. Yaz. Rod. In the city of the League Petersburg lips. He studied in the women's gymnasium Nikitina Substitute. OK. Ethnogr. Departure geogr. Favor Ta / Ying La Luge (1923 29). With studies The years participated in Ethnogr. ... ... Bibliographic dictionary of Orientalists - victims of political terror in the Soviet period
Books
- Folklore of small social groups. Traditions and modernity. The collection represents the conference materials "Folklore of Small Social Groups: Traditions and Modernity," conducted by the State republican center of Russian folklore and dedicated ...
6th grade
Theme of the lesson: "Calendar and ritual folklore".
Type of lesson: Lesson studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge.
Purpose: acquaintance of students with the concept of "Calendar Folklore"
Planned results: knowledge of the concept of folklore, ritual folklore, the main features of the folklore in the life of the people, to interest the ancient Russian ritual poetry, learning to compare folklore and literary works, expressively read folklore works.
Tasks:
1. Reveal the basic concepts of the theme: folklore, rite, ritual folklore, calendar ritual poetry.
2. To get acquainted with the samples of the ritual folklore and the ancient Russian ritual poetry.
3. To educate love and respect for the traditions of the Russian people.
Equipment: Ainikin V.P., Kruglov Yu.G. "Russian People's Poetic Creativity", Presentation, illustrations to the works of oral folk creativity, videos of the reconstruction of folk rituals
During the classes:
-Organizing time.
- Formulation of the problem:
What words are you familiar from the topic?
What words do you know inaccurately?
Children get acquainted with the exact meaning of words.
Ritual - A combination of established by the usual actions in which religious representations and customs are embodied.
Ritual folklore - These are songs, dances, various actions that are performed during rites.
Calendar ritual folklore - These are rituals associated with the national calendar, which was based on the change of the seasons and the schedule of agricultural work.
Oral folk art is embodied in ritual songs, dancing, fairy tales, legends, legends, and other works.
Folklore was an integral part of the national life. He accompanied the first plow and cleaning of the last snop in the field, youth walking and Christmas or Trinity rites, christening and weddings. The ritual songs were considered the same compulsory part of the rite as the main ritual actions. It was even believed that if all ritual actions are not fulfilled and their accompanying songs are executed, the desired result will not be achieved.
Scenes are played out of various rites:
Carols.
Vesnyanka-shallow.
Ritual songs.
Folk rites are divided into two cycles:
- Calendar rites associated with the economic activity of the peasant (agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting). Calendar rites are confined to winter, spring, summer, autumn - in connection with the routine of agricultural work at the time of year, as well as winter and summer solvice (21, December 22, and 21, June 22)
- family-household rituals associated with the birth of a person, its marriage, wires in the army or death. The wedding rite consisted of a number of consecutive actions, none of which was missing. At the funeral of professional rims (reparitioners) were due to: these crying was accompanied by all episodes of the funeral rite.
Let's look at the calendar and ritual folklore.
Calendar and ritual songs belong to the ancient attitude of folk art, and they received their name due to communication with the people's agricultural calendar - the schedule of work at the time of the year. Calendar and ritual songs are usually small in volume and are easy to poetic structure. In the songs, they are painted, call for good the strid, carnival, spring, trinity, and sometimes reproach in deception and easesslines.
Winter holidays.
Sky.
Christmas New Year's holidays continued from December 24 to January 6. These holidays were associated with the winter solstice - one of the most important days of the agricultural calendar, which separated one annual life cycle from the other. The Christian Church refers to this day and the birthday of Jesus Christ.
BOLD began on Christmas Eve, December 24th. Thus, the festive traversals of houses with the singing of the carols, in which the owners of the house were famous and kept wishes of wealth, harvest, etc.Carols performed by children or young people who carried a star on the pole. This star symbolized the Bethlehem Star, which appeared on the sky at the time of Christ.
The hosts gave bola candy, cookies, money. If the owners missed, then the rounders sang naughty carols with comic threats(Listening to the audio record "Kolyada Walking"):
Came Kolyada
On the eve of Christmas.
Give a cow
Oil head!
And God forbid that
Who is in this house!
His rye is thick
Rye dinner;
He from the coce of Osmina,
From the grain to him the row,
From half-chain - cake.
Would love you the Lord
And live, and be
And wealth
And create you, Lord,
Even better!
The meaning of any car bead in a peculiar "cursing" of happiness and wealth to the generous owner. The more he gives the quarrelling, the more gains in the coming year. Consumption - a sign of completeness at home. A car beadka is a song-spell, a conspiracy song, the conditional magical game of the owner and the collars.
The composition of the carol is simple: the formula of the arrival of the holiday, then - the search formula of the house, its descriptions (with exaggeration), the formula of the praise of the owners, please and in the final - a wish or threat.
The beginning of the year was attached to a special meaning. How to spend the new year, such will be the whole coming year. Therefore, they tried that the table was abundant, people merry, wished each other happiness and good luck. Cheerful short carols were a song form of such wishes.
One of the types of New Year's songs and the rituals of a soda week - "Round-up songs", when girls guess their fate, pulling their decorations from a dish, covered with a towel under the songs.
Scene-divination.
Spring holidays.
Maslenitsa.
Maslenitsa - mobile holiday. On the carnival had fun from the soul: they rode the top three with the bubbles, went to visit, baked ruddy pancakes, sang, danced and played. V.I. Dal wrote that every day the carnival had its name: Monday - Meeting, Tuesday - Pigs, Wednesday - Landca, Thursday - Wide Thursday, Friday - Tekhchiki, Saturday - Castle Satum, Sunday - Wires. At the same week it was customary to ride from the mountains on sleds. The central ritual actions of the holiday were the meeting of Carnival and its wires, which, obviously personified the end of winter and the beginning of spring. To meet Maslenitsa leaving the village of Sala, putting stuffed in Sani, solemnly returned and went through the streets with singing songs, in which they praised Maslenitsa. At the end of the week it was taken out of the village with songs and burned, which, according to the peasants, was supposed to contribute to a rich crop.
Characterizemaslennic songs , It can be noted that in them it, the carnival, scolded, ridiculed, call on to return, are called comic human names: Avdotyushka, Roreevna, Akulina Savvishna, etc.
(listening to audio records "Oh, Oil Nearby")
Our oilman is annual
She is an expensive hotel,
She's walking to us,
Everything is traveling on the command,
So that the conics were crow,
So that the servants were young.
The performers of the passenger rites peculiarly "tried the sun" and by this, according to popular persuasion, caused its spring "outraging". Starting began to skiing "through the Sun", in a circle and steady custom of cookies and eating pancakes, the round form of which was as if symbolic " sign "the sun.
Carnival rites were accompanied by traditional songs. In some - they referred to the darkens not to leave:
And we were accompanied by our oil
Higher - it's important that they sighed it:
-A oil, oil, turning,
To the very great day to stretch!
In others, the expression of love for Maslenitsa was replaced by the manifestation of joy that she was conducted:
And we rolled our oil,
In a sneelery buried
Lay, Maslenitsa, before riding ...
Maslyan - Mokrohvostka!
Go home from the yard,
It's time to go!
We have streams from the mountains,
Play Ophsaps,
Remove the neck,
Stop drying.
Spring meeting.
In Russia, the rite of the Spring meeting was widely existed. Late spring brought hunger. In early March, adults baked ritual cookies in the form of bird-lark birds, and children carried them in the field or climbed onto the roofs, threw them up and shoutedsongs - Wereniki, in which the spring spells come as soon as possible and drive a cold winter.
(Listening to audio records "Oh, Forky, Lowels ..."
Spring rites Performed on the days of the chief of the Great Post, so they almost did not have a festive gaming nature.
The main spring genre is a spring. They, in fact, did not sang, and clicked, having risen on the hillock, roofs. They called for spring and parted with winter.
The joyful Spring had to bring his gifts - a rich harvest, livestock rack, good luck in economic affairs.
Spring, spring beautiful!
Come, spring, with joy,
With joy, with joy,
With great grace:
Urod luna high,
Rye, good oats!
In the evening, on the eve of Palm Sunday and Annunciation, women and girls were gathered on the banks of the river, they lit a fire, which symbolized the spring "spawn" and drove a dance around him.
Summer holidays - opened wideholiday Trinity.
Bright and poetic was Trinity - Seventh Sunday after Easter. This time in the people was called the "RUS's" week or "green sagnes." This holiday celebrated the flowering of nature. Decorated the porch and the house with greens, flowers, and more often - fresh birch branches. The center of the holiday was a birch, which "wound" and developed ". The birch of the Russian people personified the spring nature:
Argued, Berozonka,
Think, curly!
We came to you, arrived,
With dumplings, with eggs,
With Patoes with Wheat!
Curled and decorated "birch" cut down and wore around the village. If "wound birings" in the forest, then the rite of "coumenchery" was joined: the girls were kissed together through wreaths and thus swear to each other in friendship and love, they became "kumami".
Day of Ivan Kupala - the climax of a land year circle.
Kupali rituals . A large holiday was the holiday of Ivan Kupala. For the peasant after Ivan Kupala, the hottest time began - haymaking and harvest. An important place was occupied by rituals with water: to be healthy, strong, beautiful, dilated with water, bathed. In some places, young people walked around the village and performed a song that jershigh the lively "clean, balloous, crooked" so that the harvest was rich.
Autumn holidays
Harvest, Senokos.
At the beginning of the harvest, rites with the first sheep did. He was called birthday, with the songs were transferred from the field to Khumno. During harvest sanglife songs.
Reflection
There is a conversation on issues.
1. What folklore is called ritual?
2. What songs can be called calendar rituals?
3. When and where were the carols? What do they differ from other songs?
4. Calendar and ritual songs can be called the most fun?
5. Do you hear such songs? Where and under what circumstances?
6. Did you say to execute such songs? Tell us about it more.
Homework. Group mini-project "Come to us for a holiday"
Used Books:
Textbook - Reader for general education institutions in 2 parts. The author is the compiler V.P. Polukhina, V.Y. Korovina and others - M.: Enlightenment
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: at 3 tons / ed. Prof. D.N. Ushakov - M.: Vese. World of Book, 2001
Ainikin V.P., Kruglov Yu.G. Russian folk poetic creativity. - L.: Enlightenment, Leningr. Department, - 1987
Series "Erudite". Language and folklore. - M.: LLC "TD" Publisher World of Books ", 2006
It happens family and calendar. Calendar rites are associated with the fact that the ancestors by spells and rituals tried to achieve good crops and protect themselves from nature whims. Calendar rites were in every time of the year their own and with them are connected many holidays that have come down to this day. Winter ritual games were accompanied by the execution of carols and songs, fortunate.
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The ritual folklore performed: Yasak Lily 7B class Lyceum№4Saratov Teacher: Ivanova I.Myu
Folklore (English Folklore - "Folk wisdom") - folk creativity, most often oral. Artistic, collective, creative activity of the people, reflecting his life, view, ideals, principles; Poetry (legends, songs, chastushki, jokes, fairy tales, Epos), People's Music (Songs, Tools, Epos), People's Music (Dramas, Satyrian Plays, Puppet Theater), Dance, Architecture, Fine and Decorative and applied art.
The ritual folklore is family-run and calendar. Calendar rites are associated with the fact that the ancestors by spells and rituals tried to achieve good crops and protect themselves from nature whims. Calendar rites were in every time of the year their own and with them are connected many holidays that have come down to this day. Winter ritual games were accompanied by the execution of carols and songs, fortunate. Most of the holidays were celebrated on the church calendar. The crown of the winter holidays was Maslenitsa, who drove this winter. Walking lasted for a whole week, and on the last day I had definitely, the scarecrow of winter was made, passenger songs were performed, which were to "call" the spring. But after the carnival there was a post, to break which was impossible with some fun. At the Easter week, the spring rites were accompanied by spells of spring, conspiracy of livestock, rounds, fortune-money. All moments of rituals were accompanied by the corresponding songs: spring, Semiitsky and Trinity Songs. In the songs, the motives of the cult of agriculture, identifying wildlife were pronounced. Time has come for love motives.
Each type is represented by a group of genres. Mostly important songs are the oldest form of musical and poetic folklore. In many rites, they occupied a leading place, combining magical, utilitarian and practical and artistic functions. Songs were performed by the choir. Ritual songs reflected the rite actually, contributed to its formation and implementation. Spex songs were a magical conversion to the forces of nature in order to obtain well-being in the farm and family. In the elicial songs, the participants of the ritual were mentioned in poetic: real people or mythological images (strollers, carnival, etc.). The opposite of the magnificent were brilline songs that ridiculed the participants of the ritual, often in grotesque form; Their content was humorous or satirical. Game songs were performed during various youth games; They were described in them and accompanied by imitation field work, family scenes were played (for example, walling). Lyrical songs are the latest phenomenon in the rite. Their main purpose is to determine the thoughts, feelings and moods. Thanks to lyrical songs, a certain emotional flavor was created, traditional ethics were approved.
The non-stop folklore is divided into four groups: folk drama; poetry; prose; Folklore speech situations.
New Year rites, fortune telling and songs, causing the harvest, livestock, the well-being of the family, happy marriage and wealth, were originally related to the celebration of the birth of the young sun, when the day began to add. Christmas holidays began to collage. County rite is bypassing yards with festive wishes to the owners and receiving gifts for it. The kids, guys and girls were dressed in which there are much: and goat dressed up, and a bear, and a kikimor, and a terrible feature - in a tangled Tulup, with horns and a long tail. Persons were closed by terrible and funny masks - "licky" or "kharymi". Have fun, scared each other and danced to fall. And then again went through the courtyards, stopped under the windows and again sang carols. For affectionate words and the good wishes of the hosts gave round belongings in the form of skates, cows, goat and cakes. Okayny thanked good people with Glues. In all Slavic peoples, the songs were called in different ways: carols - in the south, oxen - in Central Russia, grapes in the north. The shints were celebrated by everyone, but most of all young people. Games, songs, gatherings, fortune telling filled a two-weekly batch festival. As in the greatest times, guys and girls went from huts to the hut, but now with the image of the star, which argued about the birth of Christ, and sang the best, that is, congratulatory songs - carols.
Calendar and ritual songs - the carriage came on the eve of Christmas! Give a cow - Oil head! And God forbid the one who is in this house: His rye is thick, rye a dinner! * * * * * * * * * * Here we go, the shepherds, all sins are forgiven to us. To the house, the path of their rules, Christ of God is Slavs. Hello, for treats, you congratulate! Would love you and Lord and live, and be wealthy in everything! And we met Maslenitsa, they met, the soul, they met. We visited Horushka, visited the soul, visited. The pancake mountain was wounded, lined, the soul, lined. The cheese was stuffed, stuffed, soul, stuffed. Oil mooring water.
Cuckoo, love, take me at the green garden one. Empty ***, loved, take me at the green garden one. You will go to the green garden, take me at the green garden one.
Summer songs performed on the trinity and holiday Ivan Kupala. Girls on the trinity, decorating the huts, walked into the forest to curl birch and weave wreaths. In the nearest grove, they chose a young curly birch, decorated her ribbons and, holding hands, drove a dance, accompanying his songs. Then also arranged a festive meal (dinner) under the birch, and after broke the birch of the birch and whipped the wreaths, with whom the dances were drove and sang songs. The stupidity, walked on the river, threw wreaths on the water and made out: if I swim - happiness, gets wrapped in one place - the wedding will be upset, will take off - the death of relatives or narrowed. Wreaths also gossip and stored to Trinity.